轩windowed veranda

民居folk house

四合院courtyard house

寨stockaded village

舫boat house

阙que，watchtower

牌楼pailou，decorated gateway

华表huabiao，ornamental pillar

塔pagoda

硬山flush gable roof

悬山overhanging gable roof

歇山gable and hip roof

庑殿hip roof

四阿hip roof

卷棚round ridge roof

重檐double eave roof

攒尖pyramidal roof

园攒尖round pavilion roof

大木wooden structure

大式wooden frame with dougong

小式wooden frame without dougong

大木作carpentry work

小木作joinery work

抬梁式构架post and lintel construction

穿斗式构架column and tie construction

井干式构架log cabin construction

檐柱eave column

金柱hypostyle column

内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语

内柱hypostyle column宋代术语

山柱center column

角柱corner column唐、宋术语

瓜柱short column

脊瓜柱king post

蜀柱king post宋代术语

雷公柱suspended column

帐杆suspended column宋代术语

侧脚cejiao宋代术语

卷杀entasis

梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语

角背bracket

由戗inverted V-shaped brace

*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语

柁墩wooden pier

驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语

梁beam

栿beam宋代术语

月梁crescent beam

三架梁3-purlin beam

平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语

四架梁4-purlin beam

五架梁5-purlin beam

四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语

六架梁6-purlin beam

七架梁7-purlin beam

六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语

九架梁9-purlin beam

八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语

单步梁one-step cross beam

双步梁two-step cross beam

挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam

乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语

抱头梁baotou beam

穿插枋penetrating tie

角梁hip rafer

桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式

檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式

槫purlin宋代术语

脊桁ridged purlin大式

脊檩ridged purlin小式

脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语

金桁intermediate purlin大式

金檩intermediate purlin小式

上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语

老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语

正心桁eave purlin大式

檐檩eave purlin小式

下平槫eave purlin宋代术语

额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式

檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式

阑额architrave宋代术语

由额垫板cushion board大式

檐垫板cushion board小式

枋tiebeam

脊枋ridge tiebeam

上金枋upper purlin tiebeam

下金枋lower purlin tiebeam

老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造

檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造

顶椽top rafter

脑椽upper rafter*

花架椽intermediate rafter

檐椽eave rafter

飞檐椽flying rafter

飞子flying rafter宋代术语

连檐eave edging

瓦口tile edging

颔版tile edging宋代术语

举架raising the purlin

举析raising the purlin宋代术语

步架horizontal spacing between purlins

材cai

栔qi

分fen

斗口doukou，mortise of cap block

斗拱dougong，bracket set

斗dou，bracket set

升block with cross mortise

大斗cap block

栌斗cap block宋代术语

拱gong，bracketarm

翘flower arm，petal

华拱flower arm宋代术语

昂ang，lever

槽升子center block

齐心斗center block宋代术语

三才升small block

十八斗connection block

交互斗connection block宋代术语

正心拱axial bracket arm

泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语

瓜拱oval arm

瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语

万拱long arm

慢拱long arm宋代术语

厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语

单材拱outer-side bracket arm

撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose

攒set of bracket

柱头科bracket set on columns

柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语

平身科bracket sets between columns

补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语

角科bracket set on corner

转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语

出extension of bracket

出跳extension of bracket宋代术语

跴cai跳tiao宋代术语

雀替sparrow brace

搏缝板gable eave board

搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语

木装修joiner's work

外檐装修exterior finish work

内檐装修interior finish work

框槛door frame

槛stud

抱框jamb on door or window

格栅partition door

抹头window stool

棂子grill

裙板panel

槛窗sill wall window

榻板window sill

支摘窗removable window

门枕door bearing

门簪decorative cylinder

门跋door knocker

门钉decorative nails on door leaf

门枕石bearing stone

抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone

天花ceiling

帽儿梁lattice framing

支条lattice framing

井口天花compartment ceiling

海墁天花flat ceiling

藻井caisson ceiling

罩shelf

龛niche

博古架antique shelf

瓦石作masonry

檐墙eave wall

廊墙partition wall

扇面墙horizontal partition wall

隔断墙vertical partition wall

槛墙sill wall

樨头gable wall head

挑檐石cantilever stone on eave

五花山墙stepped gable wall

拔磉corbel，hanging over

叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语

角柱石corner pier

阶条石rectangular stone slab

压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语

台阶steps

踏道steps宋代术语

踏垛step

踏step宋代术语

斗板石intermediate pier

垂带drooping belt stone

副子drooping belt stone宋代术语

象眼triangular space

御路yulu，imperial path

羌差ramp

须弥座xumizuo

圭角guijiao

上枋upper fillet and fascia

下枋lower fillet and fascia

上袅upper cyma，recta

下袅lower cyma，reversa

束腰suyao

钩栏balustrade宋代术语

单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语

垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade

望柱baluster

望柱头baluster capital

栏版frieze panel

华版frieze panel

地伏plinth stone

寻杖handrail宋代术语

柱顶石capital stone

柱础column base

踬zhi

碑碣stone tablet

*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语

趺fu，stone turtle清代术语

石像生stone animal

石人stone human statue

筒瓦round tile

板瓦flat tile

青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile

琉璃瓦glazed roof tile

勾头eave tile

滴水drip tile

瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern

正吻zhengwen

鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语

正脊main ridge

垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof

戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof

博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof

仙人celestial being走兽animal

砖雕brick carving

彩画colored pattern，colored drawing

苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern

旋子彩画tangent circle pattern

和玺彩画 dragons pattern

天花彩画 ceiling pattern

箍头 end portion of painted beam

藻头intermediate portion of painted beam

枋心central portion of painted beam

点金gold pointing

退晕color change

沥粉embossed painting

贴金gold foil painting

外国古代建筑及构造

金字塔pyramid

方尖碑obelisk

牌门楼pylon

莲花式柱lotus column

纸草花式柱papyrus column

棕榈叶式柱palm column

塔庙ziggurat

列柱围廊式peristyle

山花pediment

多立克柱式Doric order

伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order曾用名「爱奥尼亚柱式」。

科林斯柱式Corinthian order

檐口cornice

檐部entablature*

檐壁frieze

额枋architrave

柱头capital

柱身column shaft

槽沟flute

圆底线脚torus

柱基plinth

台基stylobate

输水道aqueduct

万神庙pantheon

凯旋门triumphal arch

角斗场colosseum

广场forum

托斯卡柱式Tuscan order

门廊potch，portico

小穹顶cupola

平嵌线reglet

主穹顶main dome

半穹顶semi dome

帆拱 pendentive

会堂 basilica

中厅central nave

侧廊aisle

半圆形壁龛apse

袖廊transept

柱廊colonnade

神坛altar拱廊arcade

壁上拱廊blind arcade

塔楼turret

玫瑰窗rose window

扶壁buttress

尖顶pinnacle

滴水兽gargoyle

顶端饰finial

花色窗棂tracery

四叶饰quatrefoil

五叶饰cinquefoil

府邸mansion，palazzo

鼓座drum

采光塔lantern

小侧窗bulleye window

涡卷装饰cartouche

宣礼塔minaret

圣龛mihrab，prayer niche

讲坛mimbar，pulpit 拱式vault type

筒拱barrel vault

棱拱groin vault

肋骨拱rib bed vault星形拱stellar vault

网状拱reticulated vault

扇形拱fan vault

倒槽式拱trough vault

钟乳拱stalactite vault

券式arch type

半圆券semicircular arch

尖券pointed arch

弧形券segmental arch 葱花券ogee arch马蹄券horseshoe arch

交角券squinch

穹式dome type

半球形穹顶semispherical dome

葱花穹顶ogee dome

方穹顶square dome

阿拉伯花饰arabesque

阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital

园林史

中国古典园林classical Chinese garden

中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden

中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden

帝王宫苑imperial palace garden

皇家园林royal garden

私家园林private garden

江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta

西方古典园林western classical garden

英国式园林English style garden

中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden

意大利式园林Italian style garden

西班牙式园林Spanish style garden

法兰西式园林French style garden

勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden

文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden

洛可可式园林Rococo style garden

巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden

庄园manor，villa garden

廊柱园peristyle garden，patio

绿廊xystus

迷阵maze，labyrinth

灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden周代术语

灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden周代术语

灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden周代术语

阿房宫E-Pang Palace秦代术语

上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan汉代术语

未央宫Wei-Yang Palace汉代术语

洛阳宫Luoyang Palace魏代术语

华清宫Hua-Qing Palace唐代术语

艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden宋代术语

圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden

颐和园Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden

承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort

苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden

悬园Hanging Garden又称「悬空园」，「架高园」。

英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden，Kew garden又称「邱园」。

凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park

枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden

景view，scenery，feature

远景distant view

近景nearby view

障景obstructive scenery，blocking view又称「抑景」。

借景borrowed scenery，view borrowing

对景oppositive scenery，view in opposite place

缩景miniature scenery，abbreviated scenery

漏景leaking through scenery

框景enframed scenery

尾景terminal feature

主景main feature

副景secondary feature

配景objective view夹景vista line，vista又称「风景线」

前景front view

背景background景序order of scenery景点feature spot，view spot园林空间garden spac
e

开敞空间wide open space，wide space封闭空间enclosure space

意境artistic conception，poetic imagery

苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness，airiness

动观in-motion viewing

静观in-position viewing

轴线axis，axial line

主轴main axis

副轴auxiliary axis

暗轴hidden axis，invisible axis又称「隐轴」

城市史

城市史history of cities

居民点settlement

市[场] market

城[墙] city wall

都城capital city

宫城imperial city外城outer city

皇城imperial palace

里neighborhood

街street

巷lane

胡同hutong，alley

关厢outskirts

城濠city moat，city trench

城堡castle

城邦polis

城市city

镇township，town

市区city proper

郊区suburb

工业城市industrial city

矿业城市mining city

港口城市port city

商业城市commercial city

大学城campus city

科学城science city

风景旅游城市scenic-tourist city

休养城市resort city

小城市small city

中等城市medium-sized city

大城市large city

城市历史保护urban conservation

历史建筑historical building
历史地段historical site

城市改建urban redevelopment

城市更新urban renewal